Glacial deposits new and old in the Scottish isles

A post by Chris RowanI’ve just spent the last few days travelling around western Scotland, with the furthest point I visited being the Scottish island of Islay.

On the ferry to Islay

Islay is probably most famous as a whisky powerhouse; it is currently home to eight active distilleries, the products of which have a peaty kick that can warm the coldest of palates (I’m quite a fan).

Like most of Scotland, Islay has been strongly shaped by the last ice age – indeed, the channel that separates it from the mainland was carved by a glacier. In many places the bedrock is covered by a thick layer of glacial till, a poorly sorted mixture of ‘rock flour’ produced by the grinding action of moving ice, and larger pieces of rock carried within the glacier itself, all deposited and jumbled together as the ice sheets melted 10-20,000 years ago.

Islay till

Glacial till, Islay, W Scotland

It’s quite interesting to look at these recent deposits and compare them to the much, much older glacial units that I’ve been studying in Oman (image below). At least at an outcrop scale, they do look pretty similar, even if the Omani diamictites were probably deposited in a marine environment rather than a terrestrial one. “The present is the key to the past”, indeed.

However, it turns out that Islay has an even more direct link with the glacial deposits of Oman. As the road rises up from the ferry terminal at Port Askaig, you drive past an impressive roadcut.

Port Askaig Formation roadcut

A roadcut through the Port Askaig Formation on the road up from the Ferry Terminal

The unit exposed here, and along the coast to north of the Ferry Terminal, is the Port Askaig Formation. This is admittedly not the most whimsical of names, but the formation itself is actually rather intriguing, because it is also a diamictite – a poorly sorted sediment with large clasts of granite and other rocks embedded in a fine-grained, silty matrix.

Large granite clast (and others) in Port Askaig Formation

Boulder in the Port Askaig Formation

Boulder in the Port Askaig Formation, with Chris for scale

The Port Askaig Formation is quite poorly dated, but dating of the granitic basement that it rests on, and some overlying volcanic formations, tell us that it is somewhere between 600 and 800 million years old. So, the late Neoproterozoic in Scotland was a time of cold and glaciers – just like in Oman. In fact, the Port Askaig and its correlative units in other parts of Scotland and Ireland were possibly the first evidence of Neoproterozoic glaciations to be recognised. If the Snowball Earth theory can be said to have had a birthplace, it could well be here.

Cool geology, with a whisky to finish: what more could you ask for from a holiday?

Categories: deep time, geology, outcrops, past worlds, photos, Proterozoic, rocks & minerals

Geoblogospheric community. What is it good for?

A post by Anne JeffersonIn recent weeks as science blogs have gone careening across the URLs, new blog networks have formed, and bloggers hint about more changes to come, navel-gazing on the role of science blogging has become almost a full-time preoccupation for some of us. Even my non-blogger friends have been asking me about what is happening in the science blogosphere these days. This month’s Accretionary Wedge geoblog carnival topic seems particularly well-timed to turn some of this navel-gazing into writing, and maybe some of the writing into action.

Right now, I feel like geobloggers do a great job of connecting to each other, through reading and commenting on posts, sharing information and building camraderie on Twitter, and through combined feeds like Chris’s all-geo feed (see his post for more awesomeness to come). Geo Girl of Eat. Sleep. Geology. did a fantastic job of describing what it is like to be a member of this community.

I am awestruck by the level of camaraderie and openness that exists in the geoblogosphere and how it allows for communication of real geologic wonderment. The vast expanse of specialties, geographic representations, and experience available at your fingertips as part of the geoblogosphere is unfathomable. True geology is shared en masse and those of us with desk jobs in cube farms bask in the joys shared by the offshore and overseas bloggers, the field geologists, and the twittering TA’s. Perhaps the reverse is true, as the field geos are fighting off the cactus and the mosquitos. The opportunity to learn, share, and experience things beyond your own surroundings is a rich opportunity that shouldn’t be skipped.

But, as Geo Girl goes on to say, “the value of the geoblogosphere is greatly unrealized by those who are not a part of it.” One way to share the value of the geoblogosphere is to proselytize to anyone will listen about how their life would be so much richer if they just took up twitter and blogging….but I don’t think that’s necessarily the most effective way to expand our reach. Instead, I see ways that we can expand what we are  doing, to make our community bolder, more inclusive, and more outwardly focused. Building that sort of community allows us not just to provide camaraderie and support for one another, but also to act as agents of change beyond the borders of the internet.

Let me use three examples to explain what I mean, by showcasing what we are already doing and where I think we can go from here.

The ability of the geoblogospheric community to affect geoscience issues in the real world, by raising awareness and promoting action has recently been demonstrated with the California state rock, when what began as a blog and Twitter groundswell expanded to op-ed pages throughout the state and news stories in media outlets around the country. When the next challenge comes along, whether it’s in the form of ridiculous rumours about methane tsunamis, lack of reporting on an unfolding natural disaster, or construing volcano monitoring as political pork, will the geoblogospheric community draw on the strategies and resources it has developed to effectively work together to get the word out beyond our blog readers? Should we each be developing continuing relationships with science journalists at our local papers or is there some collective form of action that is more effective for countering geologic misinformation? Will developing alliances with our professional organizations like AGU and GSA enhance the credibility of the geoblogosphere when we do raise our voices? Of course, we might want to make a difference beyond just countering geologic misinformation. Jess Ball at Magma Cum Laude has partnered with the International Volcano Monitoring Fund to raise money for badly-needed instrumentation at Santiaguito in Guatemala. What can the rest of us being doing to help her efforts, and what other ways can we use our blogs to directly impact the collection of geologic data? Is there a geoscience equivalent of things like Project Budbreak, a citizen science phenology project and CoCoRaHS, the community collaborative rain, hail, and snow network, that we could engage with, encourage our readers to participate in, or even dream up and create ourselves? (Yes, there’s Did You Feel It? but some of us don’t live on active plate boundaries.)

For the past few years, science bloggers have participated in the DonorsChoose social media challenge. Last year, a combined geoblogger effort netted $9663 for earth science education in US public schools. Science blogging participation in that drive has been spearheaded on ScienceBlogs by the indefatigable Janet Stemwedel, but as the ocean bloggers showed us last year, you don’t have to have a brand name attached to your blog in order to participate and make an impact. For American geo-types, the DonorsChoose challenge is perfectly timed to coincide with Earth Science Week, making October a perfect month to catalyze our on-line and off-line outreach and education efforts aimed at the next generation of earth scientists. I’m willing to organize a DonorsChoose challenge this October, but I’d love to have help from other geobloggers in making it a success. But DonorsChoose, with its explicitly US focus, leaves out a lot of our community. What are the opportunities to engage with global earth science education efforts? Can we use something like the UK’s National Science and Engineering Week in March or the European Geosciences Union meeting in April to create a time to focus on earth science education outside the US? Is using our bloggy megaphones to raise money even the best use of our collective resources, or is there a more effective strategy to use our internet presence and community to make an on-the-ground, in-the-classroom difference in earth science education?

I think the geoblogospheric community is a largely untapped resource for recruiting, mentoring, and retaining a diverse geoscience profession. We have now voices of women and men from around the world, in industry, academia, and government. We have people who write about rocks, sediments, tectonics, and floods. If we strengthened our ties with climate, meteorology, ocean, and space bloggers we could truly span the range of earth sciences. Put all of that together, and our community provides a fantastic window into the geoscience profession. Even though I’m a water person, I can learn a bit about what it’s like to work in exploration geology or what paleontologists are getting excited about these days. And, as someone who advises undergraduate and graduate students with a range of professional aspirations, I can point students blogs relevant to their interests. Considering going to grad school? Check out Magma Cum Laude, Harmonic Tremors, or Musings of a Life-long Scholar. Thinking about environmental consulting? Check out Accidental Remediation. From those blogs, students can get far more insight into what their potential futures might look like than they can from my cloistered academic self. I think it would be even better if there were more choices out there for my students to read about careers outside academia. I know that there are, understandably, restrictions on what government and industry employees can blog about and that because of those fears there is a higher barrier to entry for potential geobloggers beyond grad school and academia. In some ways, its an incredibly difficult problem to cultivate blogs that show the geoscience profession in industry and government in a meaningful and transparent fashion, but I am (naively?) optimistic that as the geoblogosphere continues to develop and engage with real-world efforts like citizen science and education projects, more employers will see the potential value of letting geoscientists blog. I guess I’m adopting a sort of “build it and they will come” approach, but I’d love to hear other suggestions.  Beyond just diversity in employment sector, I think future geoscientists, and the geoblogospheric community itself, would benefit from greater diversity in faces – gender, ethnicity, nationality, and ability. Increasing diversity, without putting undue burden on minority geoscientists to add blogging to their already long list of obligations, is certainly a challenge, but as the geoblogospheric community finds ways to maximize its real-world impact and lower its barrier to entry, I am hopeful that our community will grow and diversify. Finally, I’d like to challenge those of us who write mostly about geoscience news and research, to dip our toes a bit more into the water of writing about the practice of geoscience and our lives as geoscientists. There is an incredibly wealth of blogging going on about lives in science (e.g., as aggregated in the Scientiae carnival), but much of it is heavily oriented towards the biomedical science fields. People contemplating careers in geosciences, looking for solidarity as they write their theses, or seeking advice as they write their first grant can benefit tremendously from this sort of blog reading (I know. I have.), but it’s harder to see the applicability when such writing tends about the intricacies of NIH scoring or experiments in neuropharmacology. It might be much scarier to write about the practice of science than to describe a pretty outcrop, but it does have value. One idea might be to describe what a typical work day is like for you,  an idea which would actually be exhuming a long-buried geoblogospheric meme. I’ll commit to doing that in a few weeks when my fall classes begin. Will any of you join me? What else can we be doing to genuinely promote an inclusive and diverse geoblogospheric community?

As I see it, what we have in the geoblogosphere is an opportunity to create a really incredible community. We’ve got the seeds of it now, but I’d like to challenge us to make it more focused on using our talents, interests, and resources beyond the existing community of geobloggers and geoblog readers. If we do that, I think the geoblogospheric community can become an agent of change for our profession and make the sort of real-world difference that motivates many of us in our day-to-day actions.

Categories: bloggery, by Anne, public science, science education

The geoblogosphere: what I’d like to build next

A post by Chris Rowan‘Whither the geoblogosphere?’ Given the current upheavals in the wider science blogging ecosystem, it’s a rather timely question for this month’s Accretionary Wedge to be addressing. To look forward, we first need to acknowledge how far things have come in the past 3 or 4 years. When I first joined Scienceblogs, I had been blogging for about 15 months, and one of my reasons for kicking off to start with was that no-one else seemed to be doing it. But by early 2007, a few more regular geobloggers had come to my attention – enough for me to set up the allgeo aggregator feed, which aimed to promote cross-linkage and interactions between them all.

Now, things are substantially different. Now there must be considerably more than a hundred active geology blogs in the allgeo feed, and their combined output has turned it into a bit of a firehose, which is itself only a fraction of the wider geoblogosphere. While it’s wonderful that new voices are continually being added to geological conversations online, I worry that perhaps they are getting a little lost in the background chatter, and not getting the attention and encouragement that they need, and deserve. It’s a good problem to be grappling with, but it is a problem nonetheless.

The other significant development over the last few years – one that I think we geobloggers can regard with some pride – is the community that we have built together. We’re generally a friendly, generous and welcoming bunch, and I feel I’ve made some real friends (some of whom I’ve yet to share a pint with in real life). The community has even expanded beyond blogs – look, for example, at the geological community on Twitter. And yet, in the wider science blogosphere, I can’t help but feel that geology is still a little bit under the radar, compared to bio-medical blogging particularly. I suspect that there are still plenty of earth science folks out there with things to say, and eager to share them, who are completely unaware that there is an audience ready to listen and spread their message. If we are to continue growing as a community, and broaden to properly reflect the off-line earth science community, I believe the geoblogosphere as an entity needs to become a bit more prominent than it is at the moment.

Up until recently I was a member of a prominent science blogging network. This model has some obvious plus points. If one blogger in the network brings in new visitors, the integration and cross-linking within that network will cause some to spread out to read other blogs on the network. A front page and subdivision of posts into subject-specific channels, with their own RSS feed, provide a portal for people to easily find content that they are interested in, regardless of who has written it. Editorial filtering, by highlighting particularly interesting posts, or ones that are discussing a story in the news, on the front page, also help to point more readers to good content.

I can testify to the benefits of these ‘network effects’ in getting more readers. But there are some disadvantages to having such a tight, self-contained network, too. Perhaps the most obvious of these is what I refer to as ‘the Cambridge Effect’: if you find yourself in an important and well-regarded community, the goings-on within it can seem much more important than anything going on outside it. Even quite interesting and exciting events beyond your borders can end up passing you by completely, not because you wouldn’t be interested, but because you’re not looking in the right direction when it happens. There are far more geology-related blogs now than any collective can feasibly accommodate – and there will be even more in the future – and I believe that good content should be highlighted and promoted wherever it happens to be posted.

Furthermore, I think a broader, more inclusive approach does not preclude exploiting network-like effects to drive traffic to particularly good or timely blog content. Modern web tools make it possible to splice and dice RSS feeds from a variety of sources with relative ease. You might still need a front page – but that front page does not need to only link to other pages on the same server. The only reason that you would need to do so is if you are trying to sell advertising space or build a coherent brand, neither of which I think are especially relevant for us geobloggers. And we have already proven that you don’t need to be on same server to build a strong and vibrant community – indeed, the allgeo feed could be regarded as an example of a (I think) relatively successful server-independent networking tools.

This should give you some idea of the thinking behind setting up the all-geo.org domain. My idea is to turn it into a ‘front page for the geoblogosphere’, which will link to good earth science content wherever it crops up, and allow some filtering, which could be used to generated more focussed RSS feeds that could be piped elsewhere; and tagging, that will build up an easily searchable catalogue for future use. It won’t be an aggregator in the strict sense, because I want to apply some editorial control to the process, so that it showcases the best writing that appears every week. So like California serpentinite spat, or the Gulf of Mexico oil spill, or the eruption of Eyjafjallajokull.

Who would provide this editorial layer? Whoever wants to be involved. I’m still working out exactly how to implement things (progress is being made), but the aim is to allow anyone who wants to filter and/or tag posts to be able to do so, either regularly or in a one-off sense. I’ve discussed some of this with a few people over e-mail already, but anyone else who wants to be involved is very welcome to contact me via e-mail (c dot j dot rowan at gmail dot com) or make themselves known in the comments.

Of course, the task of building a stronger, more diverse, more visible geoblogosphere is bigger than any one approach, or person. But I believe that, if we could implement something like this, it would be extremely beneficial for bloggers and readers alike. I’d be interested to hear your thoughts.

Categories: bloggery, public science

Quick note: check your RSS feeds

A post by Chris RowanIt seems there have been a few issues with the RSS feeds from this blog: some people have complained that they were only getting short summaries rather than complete posts, and others that it didn’t seem to be updating at all. As it turns out, my attempts to fix the former probably caused the latter, and the former was caused by me linking to the wrong version of the feed.

In short, the proper address for the RSS feed if you want full posts is:

https://all-geo.org/highlyallochthonous/feed/

Anyone who is having trouble picking up posts should unsubscribe and then resubscribe. Apologies for the inconvenience.

Categories: bloggery

Stuff we linked to on Twitter last week

A post by Chris RowanA post by Anne JeffersonI suppose it was only a matter of time before water-related linkage merited it’s own separate category….

Blogs in motion

The great blog redistribution of 2010 continues: check out Abel, Zuska, and Bora’s new digs. In the geoblogosphere, Julia is now posting at Stages of Succession.

Volcanoes

Fossils

(Paleo)climate

Water

Gulf of Mexico oil spill

General Geology

Interesting Miscellaney

Categories: Uncategorized